Betaine wani fili ne da ke faruwa ta halitta wanda aka rarraba a cikin tsire-tsire da dabbobi. A matsayin ƙari na ciyarwa, ana samar da shi a cikin nau'in anhydrous ko hydrochloride. Ana iya ƙara shi zuwa abincin dabbobi don dalilai daban-daban.
Da farko, waɗannan dalilai na iya kasancewa da alaƙa da ingantaccen ƙarfin mai ba da gudummawar methyl na betaine, wanda galibi yana faruwa a cikin hanta.Saboda canja wurin ƙungiyoyin methyl marasa ƙarfi, ana haɓaka haɓakar haɗaɗɗun mahadi daban-daban kamar methionine, carnitine da creatine.
Abu na biyu, manufar ƙara betaine a cikin abinci na iya zama alaƙa da aikinsa a matsayin mai shiga tsakani mai karewa.A cikin wannan aikin, betaine yana taimakawa kwayoyin halitta a ko'ina cikin jiki don kula da ma'auni na ruwa da kuma ayyukan sel, musamman a lokacin lokutan damuwa.Wani sanannen misali shine tasiri mai kyau na betaine a kan dabbobin da ke cikin matsanancin zafi.
A cikin aladu, an bayyana tasirin fa'ida daban-daban na ƙarin betaine.Wannan labarin zai mayar da hankali kan rawar betaine a matsayin ƙari na abinci a cikin lafiyar hanji na alade da aka yaye.
Yawancin bincike na betaine sun ba da rahoton sakamako akan narkewar abinci mai gina jiki a cikin gida ko kuma gabaɗayan tsarin narkewar aladu.Maimaita lura da ƙarar fiber na narkewar gida na fiber (danyen fiber ko tsaka-tsaki da fiber detergent fiber) sun nuna cewa betaine yana ƙarfafa fermentation na ƙwayoyin cuta da suka rigaya a cikin ƙananan hanji, saboda ƙwayoyin hanji ba sa samar da fiber-fiber grading. lalacewar wannan ƙananan fiber fiber.
Sabili da haka, an lura da ingantaccen busassun busassun busassun da danyen ash digestibility. A jimlar matakin narkewa, an bayar da rahoton cewa piglets da aka kara da 800 MG betaine / kg abinci sun inganta furotin mai gina jiki (+ 6.4%) da busassun kwayoyin halitta (+ 4.2%) digestibility. Bugu da ƙari, wani binciken daban-daban ya nuna cewa ta hanyar ƙarawa tare da 1,250 MG na gina jiki. (+ 3.7%) da ether tsantsa (+ 6.7%) an inganta.
Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da zai iya haifar da karuwa a cikin narkewar abinci mai gina jiki shine tasirin betaine akan samar da enzyme. A cikin binciken kwanan nan a cikin vivo game da ƙari na betaine zuwa ƙudan zuma da aka yaye, aikin enzymes masu narkewa (amylase, maltase, lipase, trypsin da chymotrypsin) a cikin chyme an kiyasta (Figure 1).Allse mafi yawan aikin enzymes an kiyasta shi, kuma an kiyasta yawan aikin enzymes, sai dai an yi la'akari da aikin rashin aikin yi. a 2,500 MG betaine / kg abinci fiye da 1,250 mg / kg. Ƙara yawan aiki na iya zama sakamakon karuwa a cikin samar da enzyme, ko kuma yana iya zama sakamakon haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar enzyme.
Hoto 1-Aikin enzyme mai narkewa na hanji na piglets wanda aka haɓaka tare da 0 mg / kg, 1,250 mg / kg ko 2,500 mg / kg betaine.
A cikin gwaje-gwajen in vitro, an tabbatar da cewa ta hanyar ƙara NaCl don samar da matsananciyar osmotic, trypsin da ayyukan amylase an hana su.Ƙara matakan daban-daban na betaine zuwa wannan gwajin ya mayar da tasirin hanawa na NaCl da ƙara yawan aikin enzyme. Duk da haka, lokacin da NaCl ba a kara da shi ba a cikin maganin buffer, betaine ba zai shafi aikin enzyme a wani ƙananan maida hankali ba, amma yana nuna tasiri.
Ba wai kawai ƙãra narkewa ba zai iya bayanin karuwar da aka ruwaito a cikin ci gaban girma da kuma ciyar da canjin aladu da aka haɓaka tare da betaine na abinci. Ƙara betaine zuwa abincin alade kuma yana rage bukatun makamashi na dabba. Ma'anar wannan tasirin da aka lura shi ne cewa lokacin da za a iya amfani da betaine don kula da matsa lamba na osmotic na intracellular, an rage buƙatar famfunan ion, wanda shine tsarin da ake tsammani yana buƙatar ƙarin makamashi. zama mafi fa'ida ta hanyar haɓaka samar da makamashi don haɓaka maimakon kiyayewa.
Kwayoyin epithelial da ke rufe bangon hanji suna buƙatar jure wa yanayin yanayin osmotic mai canzawa da yawa waɗanda abubuwan da ke cikin haske suka haifar a lokacin narkewar abinci. Betaine a cikin nama na hanji yana da girma sosai. Bugu da ƙari, an lura cewa waɗannan matakan suna shafar abubuwan da ake amfani da su na betaine.
A cikin wani binciken, ana iya lura da karuwa a cikin tsayin villi a cikin duodenum, jejunum, da ileum, amma babu wani tasiri a kan zurfin crypts. Kamar yadda aka gani a cikin kaji broiler da ke kamuwa da coccidia, tasirin kariya na betaine akan tsarin hanji zai iya zama mafi mahimmanci a karkashin wasu kalubale (osmotic).
Shamakin na hanji ya ƙunshi sel epithelial, wanda aka haɗa da juna ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta masu tsauri.Mutuncin wannan shinge yana da mahimmanci don hana shigar da abubuwa masu cutarwa da ƙwayoyin cuta na pathogenic, wanda zai haifar da kumburi.Ga aladu, mummunan tasiri na shinge na hanji yana dauke da sakamakon sakamakon mycotoxin, ko kuma wani mummunan tasiri na abinci mai zafi.
Don auna tasirin tasirin shinge, ana amfani da gwaje-gwajen in vitro na layin salula sau da yawa don auna juriya na lantarki na transepithelial (TEER) .Tare da aikace-aikacen betaine, ana iya lura da ingantaccen TEER a cikin gwaje-gwajen in vitro da yawa.Lokacin da baturi ya fallasa zuwa babban zafin jiki (42 ° C), TEER zai rage (Figure 2) .Ƙarin betaine zuwa matsakaicin matsakaicin zafi na TEER ya karu, rage yawan zafin jiki na TEER. juriya.
Hoto 2-In vitro sakamakon babban zafin jiki da betaine akan juriya na transepithelial (TEER).
Bugu da ƙari, a cikin nazarin in vivo a cikin piglets, ƙara yawan maganganun sunadarai masu tsauri (occludin, claudin1, da zonula occludens-1) a cikin jejunum nama na dabbobin da suka karbi 1,250 mg / kg betaine an auna idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyar kulawa. Bugu da ƙari, a matsayin alamar ƙwayar hanji a cikin ƙwayar hanji a cikin aikin oxidase ya rage yawan lalacewar plasma, aikin oxidase ya rage yawan lalacewa. yana nuna ƙaƙƙarfan shingen hanji.Lokacin da aka ƙara betaine a cikin abincin aladu masu girma, ana auna ƙarfin ƙarfin hanji a lokacin yanka.
Kwanan nan, binciken da yawa sun danganta betaine zuwa tsarin antioxidant kuma sun bayyana raguwar radicals kyauta, rage matakan malondialdehyde (MDA), da inganta ayyukan glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px).
Betaine ba kawai yana aiki a matsayin osmoprotectant a cikin dabbobi ba. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta na iya tara betaine ta hanyar de novo synthesis ko sufuri daga muhalli.Akwai alamun cewa betaine na iya yin tasiri mai kyau akan yawan kwayoyin cuta a cikin gastrointestinal tract na yaye piglets. Jimlar yawan kwayoyin cuta na gida, musamman bifidobacteria da lactobacilli, an samu ƙananan adadin Enterac.
A ƙarshe, an lura cewa tasirin betaine akan lafiyar hanji na ƙwanƙwasa alade shine rage yawan zawo.Wannan tasirin zai iya dogara da kashi-kashi: ƙarin abincin abinci na 2,500 mg / kg betaine ya fi tasiri fiye da 1,250 mg / kg betaine a rage yawan yawan zawo. Duk da haka, aikin da aka yaye piglets ya nuna a lokacin da 8 matakan bincike ya nuna. MG/kg na betaine yana ƙarawa, yawan adadin zawo da abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin yaye alade ya ragu.
Betaine yana da ƙananan ƙimar pKa kusan 1.8, wanda ke haifar da rabuwar betaine HCl bayan an sha, yana haifar da acidification na ciki.
Abincin mai ban sha'awa shine yuwuwar acidification na betaine hydrochloride a matsayin tushen betaine.A cikin maganin ɗan adam, ana amfani da ƙarin betaine HCl tare da pepsin don tallafawa mutanen da ke da matsalolin ciki da matsalolin narkewa.
An sani cewa pH na ruwan 'ya'yan itace na ciki da aka yaye piglets na iya zama mai girma (pH> 4), wanda zai shafi kunnawa na pepsin precursor zuwa ga precursor pepsinogen.Mafi kyau na gina jiki narkewa ba kawai muhimmanci ga dabbobi su sami mai kyau samuwa na wannan na gina jiki. Bugu da kari, rashin narkewar abinci zai iya haifar da cutarwa karuwa da postportunistic matsala na op. gudawa.Betaine yana da ƙananan ƙimar pKa kusan 1.8, wanda ke haifar da rabuwar betaine HCl bayan an sha, yana haifar da acidification na ciki.
An lura da wannan ɗan gajeren lokaci reacidification a cikin wani bincike na farko a cikin mutane da karatu a cikin karnuka.Bayan kashi ɗaya na 750 MG ko 1,500 MG na betaine hydrochloride, pH na ciki na karnuka da aka bi da su tare da rage yawan acid gastric acid sun ragu daga kimanin 7 zuwa pH 2. Duk da haka, a cikin marasa lafiya da ba a kula da su ba, ba tare da kulawa da pH2 ba game da karnuka, wanda ba a kula da shi ba. HCl kari.
Betaine yana da tasiri mai kyau akan lafiyar hanji na 'ya'yan alade da aka yaye.Wannan bita na wallafe-wallafen yana nuna dama daban-daban don betaine don tallafawa narkewar abinci mai gina jiki da sha, inganta shingen kariya na jiki, rinjayar microbiota, da kuma inganta ƙarfin kariya na alade.