Ana ci gaba da gwada hanyoyi daban-daban na abinci mai gina jiki don inganta ingancin naman broilers. Betaine yana da halaye na musamman don inganta ingancin nama domin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita daidaiton osmotic, metabolism na gina jiki da kuma ƙarfin antioxidant na broilers. Amma ta wace hanya ya kamata a samar da shi don amfanar da dukkan fa'idodinsa?

A wani bincike da aka buga kwanan nan a mujallar Kaji Science, masu bincike sun yi ƙoƙarin amsa tambayar da ke sama ta hanyar kwatanta aikin girma na broiler da ingancin nama da nau'ikan 2 nabetaine: betaine mai hana ruwa da kuma hydrochloride betaine.

Ana samun Betaine galibi a matsayin ƙarin abinci a cikin sinadari mai tsafta. Mafi shaharar nau'ikan betaine na abinci sune betaine mai hana ruwa da hydrochloride betaine. Tare da ƙaruwar cin naman kaza, an shigar da hanyoyin noma mai zurfi a cikin samar da broiler don inganta yawan aiki. Duk da haka, wannan yawan samar da nama na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga broiler, kamar rashin jin daɗi da raguwar ingancin nama.

Madadin maganin rigakafi mai inganci a cikin kaji

Sabanin da ke tsakanin hakan shi ne cewa inganta yanayin rayuwa yana nufin cewa masu amfani da shi suna tsammanin ɗanɗano mafi kyau da kuma ingantaccen nama. Saboda haka, an yi ƙoƙarin yin amfani da dabarun abinci iri-iri don inganta ingancin naman broilers wanda betaine ya sami kulawa sosai saboda abubuwan gina jiki da kuma ayyukansa na jiki.

Anhydrous vs. hydrochloride

Tushen betaine da aka fi sani shine beets na sukari da sauran kayayyakin da ke cikinsa, kamar molasses. Duk da haka, betaine kuma ana samunsa a matsayin ƙarin abinci tare da shahararrun nau'ikan abinci masu daraja.betainekasancewar betaine mai hana ruwa da kuma hydrochloride betaine.

Gabaɗaya, betaine, a matsayin mai ba da gudummawar methyl, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita daidaiton osmotic, metabolism na gina jiki da kuma ƙarfin antioxidant na broilers. Saboda tsarin kwayoyin halitta daban-daban, betaine mai hana ruwa yana nuna mafi yawan narkewa a cikin ruwa idan aka kwatanta da hydrochloride betaine, wanda hakan ke ƙara ƙarfin osmotic ɗinsa. Akasin haka, hydrochloride betaine yana haifar da raguwar pH a cikin ciki, wanda hakan yana iya shafar shan sinadaran a cikin yanayi daban da betaine mai hana ruwa.

Abincin da ake ci

Wannan binciken ya fara ne don bincika tasirin nau'ikan betaine guda biyu (anhydrous betaine da hydrochloride betaine) akan aikin girma, ingancin nama da kuma ƙarfin hana tsufa na broilers. An raba jimillar 'yan kaji maza 400 da aka kyankyasa zuwa ƙungiyoyi 5 bazuwar kuma an ciyar da su abinci 5 a lokacin gwajin ciyarwa na kwanaki 52.

An tsara tushen betaine guda biyu don su kasance daidai gwargwado. Abincin da aka ci kamar haka.
Kulawa: An ciyar da broilers a cikin rukunin kulawa abinci mai gina jiki na masara da waken soya.
Abincin betaine mara ruwa: Abincin asali wanda aka ƙara masa matakan maida hankali guda 2 na 500 da 1,000 mg/kg na betaine mara ruwa
Abincin Betaine na Hydrochloride: Abincin Basal wanda aka ƙara masa yawan sinadarin betaine mai yawa sau 2, wanda ya kai 642.23 da 1284.46 mg/kg na hydrochloride.

Ayyukan girma da yawan nama

A cikin wannan binciken, abincin da aka ƙara wa sinadarin betaine mai yawan sinadarin da ba shi da ruwa sosai ya inganta ƙaruwar nauyi, yawan shan abinci, rage FCR da kuma ƙara yawan tsokar nono da cinya idan aka kwatanta da ƙungiyoyin betaine masu sarrafawa da hydrochloride. Ƙarar aikin girma kuma yana da alaƙa da ƙaruwar yawan furotin da aka lura a cikin tsokar nono: yawan sinadarin betaine mai yawan sinadarin anhydrous ya ƙaru sosai (da kashi 4.7%) na furotin da ba shi da ruwa a cikin tsokar nono yayin da yawan sinadarin hydrochloride betaine ya ƙaru da yawan furotin da ba shi da ruwa a cikin tsokar nono (da kashi 3.9%).

An yi hasashen cewa wannan tasirin yana iya kasancewa saboda betaine na iya shiga cikin zagayowar methionine don adana methionine ta hanyar yin aiki a matsayin mai ba da gudummawar methyl, don haka ana iya amfani da ƙarin methionine don haɗa furotin tsoka. An kuma ba da irin wannan alaƙa ga rawar da betaine ke takawa wajen daidaita bayyanar kwayar halittar myogenic da kuma hanyar siginar insulin-like growth factor-1 wadda ke fifita ƙaruwar ajiyar furotin tsoka.

Bugu da ƙari, an nuna cewa betaine mai narkewar ruwa yana da ɗanɗano mai daɗi, yayin da hydrochloride betaine yana da ɗanɗano mai ɗaci, wanda zai iya shafar sauƙin narkewar abinci da kuma yawan shan broilers. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin narkewar abinci da sha yana dogara ne akan epithelium na hanji mai cike da sinadarai, don haka ƙarfin osmotic na betaine na iya yin tasiri mai kyau ga narkewar abinci. Betaine mai narkewar ruwa yana nuna ƙarfin osmotic mafi kyau fiye da hydrochloride betaine saboda yawan narkewar sa. Saboda haka, broilers da aka ciyar da betaine mai narkewar ruwa na iya samun ingantaccen narkewar abinci fiye da waɗanda aka ciyar da hydrochloride betaine.

Glycolysis na tsoka bayan mutuwa da kuma ƙarfin antioxidant su ne muhimman alamomi guda biyu na ingancin nama. Bayan zubar jini, dakatarwar iskar oxygen yana canza metabolism na tsoka. Sannan anaerobic glycolysis ba makawa ya faru kuma yana haifar da tarin lactic acid.

A cikin wannan binciken, wani abinci da aka ƙara masa sinadarin betaine mai yawan sinadarin da ba shi da ruwa sosai ya rage yawan sinadarin lactate a cikin tsokar nono. Tarin sinadarin lactic acid shine babban dalilin raguwar pH na tsoka bayan yanka. Babban sinadarin pH na tsokar nono tare da ƙarin sinadarin betaine mai yawan sinadarin a cikin wannan binciken ya nuna cewa betaine na iya shafar glycolysis na tsoka bayan mutuwa don rage tarin lactate da kuma rage yawan furotin, wanda hakan ke rage asarar digo.

Iskar shaka ta nama, musamman sinadarin lipid peroxidation, muhimmin dalili ne na lalacewar ingancin nama wanda ke rage darajar abinci yayin da yake haifar da matsalolin laushi. A cikin wannan binciken, an ƙara yawan sinadarin betaine a cikin abinci mai yawan gaske wanda ya rage yawan sinadarin MDA a cikin tsokoki na nono da cinya, wanda hakan ke nuna cewa betaine na iya rage lalacewar oxidative.

An ƙara yawan bayyanar mRNA na kwayoyin halittar antioxidant (Nrf2 da HO-1) a cikin rukunin betaine mai hana ruwa fiye da abincin hydrochloride betaine, wanda ya yi daidai da ingantaccen ƙarfin antioxidant na tsoka.

Shawarar yawan da aka ba da shawarar

Daga wannan binciken, masu binciken sun kammala da cewa betaine mai ruwa-ruwa yana nuna sakamako mafi kyau fiye da hydrochloride betaine wajen inganta aikin girma da kuma yawan tsokar nono a cikin kaji masu ruwa-ruwa. Betaine mai ruwa-ruwa (1,000 mg/kg) ko kuma ƙarin betaine na equimolar hydrochloride na iya inganta ingancin naman masu ruwa-ruwa ta hanyar rage yawan lactate don ƙara yawan pH na tsoka, yana tasiri ga rarraba ruwan nama don rage asarar digo, da kuma haɓaka ƙarfin antioxidant na tsoka. Idan aka yi la'akari da aikin girma da ingancin nama, an ba da shawarar betaine mai ruwa-ruwa 1,000 mg/kg ga masu ruwa-ruwa.